AUTOBIOGRAPHY

WIJI LESTARI’S AUTOBIOGRAPHY

By Wiji Lestari

My name is Wiji Lestari. Everybody usually called me ‘wiwi’. I was born and raised in Jakarta on 2 June 1992 as a female. I had five members in my family, including my parents,  my older sisters and me. My father’s name is Slamet Bakir, he is a worker who work for Contractor Company as a staff. He is smart like an engineer. Then, my mother’s name is Sunersih, she is a housewife and she is a greatest mom. They are Javanese, so I’m Javanese too even I was born in Jakarta. I’m the youngest child, I have two older sisters, both are work in Bank and I still in college. The first sister name is Diah Maulia, the second is Laili Wahyuni and the third is me, Wiji Lestari. It isn't bad at all being the youngest.  As a matter of fact, I like it because I have people around me to help me show the way through life, because they goes through a lot of things before me.

My parents are my idol, my inspiration, my heroes, my role models and my everything. They are my treasure in the world. I never go through life without them. So, they are the greatest part in my life. They always give me what I want and what I need. They always teach their daughter to don’t forget to thankful, they said “Sometimes all we need is a reminder. So let’s remember what you got from your life, there is good for you and be thankful for it. And be thankful for those who remind us that things can get better. Often we think of being thankful as being in the past. We are thankful that things worked out or we are thankful for the time we had doing something. And being thankful in the moment helps us to keep going and improve our future”. I always remember this, they always be my best teacher.

I began formal education in primary school since 1998 – 2004 at SDN Jatibening 1 Bekasi. Then I continued in junior high school on 2004 – 2007 at SMP Kapin Jakarta. After that from 2007 – 2010 I studied at SMAN 3 Bekasi for senior high school. And I continued my studied at Gunadarma University majoring Economic Management from 2010 until now, I hope this year is my graduation and I’m sure I can get my bachelor degree in this year.

After my graduation I want to seek a job, even i’m a fresh graduate and I didn’t have any working experience but I’m sure I cant get a job that deserve to me. My experience just from my formal education and informal education that I attended and from everything I can learn is my experience. I believe someday I will be a success woman, success for my self, success for my parents my sisters and my future family. I want make everybody arround me proud of me, feel happy with me, feel comfort with me. Is easy to make me feel happy, if you happy with me, I’m happy with you, if you nice to me, I’ll be nice to you too.

I like sport especially ride a bicycle, badminton, jogging and aerobic, I do that in my spare time usually I do in the morning, I want my body always look fresh and I still healthy so I never forget to doing that. Many things I do in my spare time not only  for sport, I like listen popular music, chat with my friends, watch TV programs or movie, hang out, eat much, sing popular songs, read book, online, and many more. And this is funiest, i like shopping. I thought everybody like this especially 'Girls', they always want their appearance is always look good, no matter what the situation is. Beautiful is relative, every girl is beautiful in her way. So this is the reason why girls always try to be a good looking, because appearance is number one.

I'm a typical woman who always want to know something, everything I want to know I must know, like nosy. I thought it's good but that shouldn't bothered anyone, right?! and this is good for your experience, beause you will always try to find what you want, you can get many things from this. I'm well organized too. I'm diligent, I always happy doing somethings good. I don't like if everybody around me looks sad, I never let them, because I'm caring too. I'll do something for them, because I want their happines back. I'm not typical woman who easily put my trust at someone. But this is my bad habit I'm easily to forget, I thought is not a big deal because I always write something that i should do and i always try hard to remember something, I never let something bad happen to me. So, i always be carefull before doing something.

I have some advice that is Don’t you ever give up even if you meet difficulties, because difficulties is the only way to show you how strenght you are, you must believe you can face it, so many problem outside of yourself, all you need is more patience, learn from your mistakes, be wise and don’t ever giving up. Don’t worry if something bad happen to you, you have God who always help you, God didn’t give problems whithout the solutions. God knows you can solve it, you can handle it, sometimes as a human you feel you are weak, you think you can’t face it, its normal but you don’t take a long time for felt that it may destroy yourself. If something you want you didn’t get, it means its not good for you and you not deserve for it, remember God will give all you need not all you want.

Go ahead, don’t look back, don’t give up, do the best, trust God, trust yourself and you will always get better for your life. And the last don't forget to thankful......

Business Today

Business Tourism

Right now many business emerging small-scale tourist agencies, and generally run by individuals. This business is no longer sets a quota of participants in large numbers. When participants consists of only one family or one group of participants was small, participants will still be dispatched. With a limited number of participants, the atmosphere is intimate and family will be awakened. In the experience of some tourism businesses, the success of their business is because it relies on the community. It usually starts from the streets have a hobby and experience that are in for it to friends. All documentation of the holiday, such as during a holiday photo uploads to social media. From that typically arise when the response and would like to participate go on vacation again.

Usually used as a benefit of this opportunity to make business Travel. Then the businessman began to focus explore places in Indonesia. Like visiting Karimun Jawa, Raja Ampat, Derawan and. Costs incurred is not too big, about Rp 3.5 million to Rp 6 million. That does not include tickets to the destination. Travel usually only provide lodging, meals during the week, as well as marine and land transportation while there. The higher the cost the more facilities are used.

Many islands in Indonesia, which is gorgeous and has not visited by many people is a great opportunity for tourism in Indonesia, of course, open up business opportunities for tourism businesses, such as Travel. All travel agents, both individuals and companies have different characteristic. Usually the tourist business is highly dependent on the community because they are the majority who participated in the streets. Although the goal is the islands of Indonesia, Travel agents must be very selective in choosing sites. Must choose the islands that have good infrastructure. At a minimum, he said, the island has adequate accommodation and toilet. In addition to the community, which is no less important factor in the tourist business is destination tourist sites. 

There are also examples of streets hobbyist group founded in 2006 is the focus of exploring the island of Java. "All the tourist attractions on the island of Java, we were the masters," said Brewok, co-founder of Community Highways. This community is formed by accident. In 2006 the festival was held Borobudur Photos. Beard and his friends want to come there for free. Terpikirlah to invite some friends as much as possible, and he took a profit on it. "It was collected 23 people, and each paying $ 500 thousand," he explained. Returning from there, Brewok was thought to make the tourist business. Emerged was the name "Free Way". Admitted beard, he was deliberately focused on the island of Java. All the tourist attractions on the island they are ready to explore. Focus on one place that makes the marketability Community Highways. Anyone who wants to tour the island of Java, will recall with Highways. Each organizes, Brewok always make a special group of participants who took part in the tour. As a result, the participants became more close and intimate. "In fact, many have asked for Bira Island travel event, Edge tiles, Kawah Ratu," he says. According Brewok, although the marketability of Highways only on the island of Java, it turns out quite a lot of interested participants. "Java was very interesting to explore," he explained. In addition to focusing on the tourist island of Java, Brewok also emphasizes the concept of family in Highways. Each member who participated traveled here are guaranteed to be like family. Therefore, at Free Way has never known "plane". "All the participants who traveled always wanted to do a road, wherever it is. Can bus, car, or train, "he said. Beard sure, by land that the participants will be familiar with each other and tell each other. "Just like family," he explained. Preparation before the tour is done very mature. Beard and friends did a survey one month before departure. Are surveyed, transportation, lodging, meals, and tourist attractions. "We also calculate how long the distance. And we also think of the activities that made there so that the participants do not get bored, "he said.

That's some example of groups as well as the streets of Travel. Furthermore, I will discusses tourist areas in eastern Indonesia that need to be developed by the government in order to attract local and international travelers.

As a region that consists of many islands, the government will strengthen the development of marine-related travel such as diving, and snorkeling. Includes special interest tours and sailboat cruises in eastern Indonesia.

Eastern Indonesia is not only rich in underwater beauty, but also superior in terms of culture and conservation parks or tourism. The type of special interest, he said, was not intended for mass tourists visiting, but more concerned with the quality of long-stay and total costs incurred during the vacation.

As for potential travelers to vacation in the region, among others, came from Europe, America, and Japan. While for most of the sightseeing cruise from Australia. If for Asian countries, such as China have been seen but not too significant. But the potential market for middle-class society began to grow, the desire berliburnya was already high. Chairman of the Indonesian Tourism Promotion Board (ARDI) Sukamdani Jackie said that this marine tourism has huge potential to be developed in Eastern Indonesia with the target market being targeted are from China. "The Chinese market is very important because of their increasing number of middle class, who are interested too many young people so that they would be very interested in marine tourism. In addition to China, we will cover also for Korea, and Japan, "he said. In addition, historical and cultural tourism potential can also be developed. However, a major challenge to develop tourism in the area east, in addition to necessary infrastructure improvements, as well as human resource development. Let's say, by developing special tours in eastern Indonesia will ensure the continuity of nature in the region. 

Special Guest is usually more responsible towards the environment. They traveled well in a long period of time, also doing research. Dominate foreign tourist visits in the eastern region came from European countries and the United States. But do not rule out the possibility of tourists from Asia in 2014 increased his visit. Tourist destination is still a favorite in Eastern Indonesia is Bali, West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara. The area was designated as Corridor V in the tourist area of the Master Plan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia (MP3EI) since 2011.

According to statistics, in the last two years there is an increase in traffic in the area of West Nusa Tenggara, for example, which rose sharply by 887 thousand people in 2011 and in 2013 reached 1.2 million people. To support connectivity in the region of West Nusa Tenggara, is now being developed with the construction of Lombok International Airport to build runaway from 2,750 meters to 3,000 meters, so the Boeing 747 can land. In addition, the government also plans to develop the area Mendelika to build a road linking the southern shores of Lombok. 

Reference :
http://travelling.bisnis.com/read/20140326/361/214084/pemerintah-perkuat-wisata-bahari-di-indonesia-timur
http://female.kompas.com/read/2012/09/19/11430427/Bisnis.Wisata.Juga.Bisa.Andalkan.Komunitas 

NAMA : WIJI LESTARI
NPM : 18210504
KELAS : 4EA1
BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2

curriculum vitae

Curriculum Vitae

Personal Details

Full Name Sex Place, Date of Birth Nationality Marital Status Height, Weight Health Religion Address Mobile E-mail

Wiji Lestari Female Jakarta, June 2, 1992 Indonesia Single 163 cm, 52 kg Perfect Moslem Pondok Cikunir Indah Jl. Beringin No. 2 RT 010/012 Jatibening – Bekasi 17412 08131106809 wijilestari02@yahoo.com

Educational Background

1998 - 2004 2004 - 2007 2007 - 2010 2010 - 2014

SDN Jatibening 1, Bekasi SMP Kapin, Jakarta SMAN 3, Bekasi Gunadarma University

Course & Education

2012 2013 - 2014

Course of Management Export Import Product and Simulation at Gunadarma University English Language Course at LBPP LIA Galaxy

Skill

1.        English communication both written and spoken in average.

2.        Computer Ms. Office (Operating)

NAMA            : WIJI LESTARI  

KELAS           : 4EA19  

NPM              : 18210504

Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

Passive Voice

The passive voice is less usual than the active voice. The active voice is the "normal" voice. But sometimes we need the passive voice. In this lesson we look at how to construct the passive voice, when to use it and how to conjugate it.

 

Defining the passive voice

A passive construction occurs when you make the object of an action into the subject of a sentence. That is, whoever or whatever is performing the action is not the grammatical subject of the sentence. Take a look at this passive rephrasing of a familiar joke:

Why was the road crossed by the chicken?

Who is doing the action in this sentence? The chicken is the one doing the action in this sentence, but the chicken is not in the spot where you would expect the grammatical subject to be. Instead, the road is the grammatical subject. The more familiar phrasing (why did the chicken cross the road?) puts the actor in the subject position, the position of doing something—the chicken (the actor/doer) crosses the road (the object). We use active verbs to represent that “doing,” whether it be crossing roads, proposing ideas, making arguments, or invading houses (more on that shortly).

Once you know what to look for, passive constructions are easy to spot. Look for a form of “to be” (is, are, am , was, were, has been, have been, had been, will be, will have been, being) followed by a past participle. (The past participle is a form of the verb that typically, but not always, ends in “-ed.” Some exceptions to the “-ed” rule are words like “paid” (not “payed”) and “driven.” (not “drived”). Here’s a sure-fire formula for identifying the passive voice:

form of “to be” + past participle = passive voice

For example:

The metropolis has been scorched by the dragon’s fiery breath.

When her house was invaded, Penelope had to think of ways to delay her remarriage.

Not every sentence that contains a form of “have” or “be” is passive! Forms of the word “have” can do several different things in English. For example, in the sentence “John has to study all afternoon,” “has” is not part of a past-tense verb. It’s a modal verb, like “must,” “can,” or “may”—these verbs tell how necessary it is to do something (compare “I have to study” versus “I may study”). And forms of “be” are not always passive, either—”be” can be the main verb of a sentence that describes a state of being, rather than an action. For example, the sentence “John is a good student” is not passive; “is” is simply describing John’s state of being. The moral of the story: don’t assume that any time you see a form of “have” and a form of “to be” together, you are looking at a passive sentence.

Need more help deciding whether a sentence is passive? Ask yourself whether there is an action going on in the sentence. If so, what is at the front of the sentence? Is it the person or thing that does the action? Or is it the person or thing that has the action done to it? In a passive sentence, the object of the action will be in the subject position at the front of the sentence. As discussed above, the sentence will also contain a form of be and a past participle. If the subject appears at all, it will usually be at the end of the sentence, often in a phrase that starts with “by.” Take a look at this example:

The fish was caught by the seagull.

If we ask ourselves whether there’s an action, the answer is yes: a fish is being caught. If we ask what’s at the front of the sentece, the actor or the object of the action, it’s the object: the fish, unfortunately for it, got caught, and there it is at the front of the sentence. The thing that did the catching—the seagull—is at the end, after “by.” There’s a form of be (was) and a past participle (caught). This sentence is passive.

Let’s briefly look at how to change passive constructions into active ones. You can usually just switch the word order, making the actor and subject one by putting the actor up front:

The metropolis has been scorched by the dragon’s fiery breath.

becomes

The dragon scorched the metropolis with his fiery breath.

When her house was invaded, Penelope had to think of ways to delay her remarriage.

becomes

After suitors invaded her house, Penelope had to think of ways to delay her remarriage.

To repeat, the key to identifying the passive voice is to look for both a form of “to be” and a past participle, which usually, but not always, ends in “-ed.”

 

Clarity and meaning

The primary reason why your instructors frown on the passive voice is that they often have to guess what you mean. Sometimes, the confusion is minor. Let’s look again at that sentence from a student’s paper on Homer’s The Odyssey:

When her house was invaded, Penelope had to think of ways to delay her remarriage.

Like many passive constructions, this sentence lacks explicit reference to the actor—it doesn’t tell the reader who or what invaded Penelope’s house. The active voice clarifies things:

After suitors invaded Penelope’s house, she had to think of ways to fend them off.

Thus many instructors—the readers making sense of your writing—prefer that you use the active voice. They want you to specify who or what is doing the action. Compare the following two examples from an anthropology paper on a Laotian village to see if you agree.

(passive) A new system of drug control laws was set up. (By whom?)
(active) The Lao People’s Revolutionary Party set up a new system of drug control laws.

Here’s another example, from the same paper, that illustrates the lack of precision that can accompany the passive voice:

Gender training was conducted in six villages, thus affecting social relationships.

And a few pages later:

Plus, marketing links were being established.

In both paragraphs, the writer never specifies the actors for those two actions (Who did the gender training? Who established marketing links?). Thus the reader has trouble appreciating the dynamics of these social interactions, which depend upon the actors conducting and establishing these things.

The following example, once again from that paper on The Odyssey, typifies another instance where an instructor might desire more precision and clarity:

Although Penelope shares heroic characteristics with her husband, Odysseus, she
is not considered a hero.

Who does not consider Penelope a hero? It’s difficult to tell, but the rest of that paragraph suggests that the student does not consider Penelope a hero (the topic of the paper). The reader might also conceivably think that the student is referring to critics, scholars, or modern readers of The Odyssey. One might argue that the meaning comes through here—the problem is merely stylistic. Yet style affects how your reader understands your argument and content. Awkward or unclear style prevents your reader from appreciating the ideas that are so clear to you when you write. Thus knowing how your reader might react enables you to make more effective choices when you revise. So after you identify instances of the passive, you should consider whether your use of the passive inhibits clear understanding of what you mean.

 

Construction of the Passive Voice

The structure of the passive voice is very simple:

subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle)

The main verb is always in its past participle form.

Look at these examples:

Subject	auxiliary verb (to be)		main verb (past participle)
Water	Is		Drunk	by everyone.
100 people	Are		employed	by this company.
I	Am		Paid	in euro.
We	Are	not	Paid	in dollars.
Are	They		Paid	in yen?

Use of the Passive Voice

We use the passive when:

·           we want to make the active object more important

·           we do not know the active subject

	subject	verb	object
give importance to active object (President Kennedy)	President Kennedy	was killed	by Lee Harvey Oswald.
active subject unknown	My wallet	has been stolen.	?

Note that we always use by to introduce the passive object (Fish are eaten by cats).

Look at this sentence:

·                He was killed with a gun.

Normally we use by to introduce the passive object. But the gun is not the active subject. The gun did not kill him. He was killed by somebody with a gun. In the active voice, it would be: Somebody killed him with a gun. The gun is the instrument. Somebody is the "agent" or "doer".

Conjugation for the Passive Voice

We can form the passive in any tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in the passive tense is rather easy, as the main verb is always in past participle form and the auxiliary verb is always be. To form the required tense, we conjugate the auxiliary verb. So, for example:

·                present simple: It is made

·                present continuous: It is being made

·                present perfect: It has been made

Here are some examples with most of the possible tenses:

Infinitive		to be washed
Simple	present	It is washed.
	Past	It was washed.
	Future	It will be washed.
	conditional	It would be washed.
Continuous	present	It is being washed.
	Past	It was being washed.
	Future	It will be being washed.
	conditional	It would be being washed.
perfect simple	present	It has been washed.
	Past	It had been washed.
	Future	It will have been washed.
	conditional	It would have been washed.
perfect continuous	present	It has been being washed.
	Past	It had been being washed.
	Future	It will have been being washed.
	conditional	It would have been being washed.

Negative forms of passive voice

·           That ball is not kicked by me.

·           A book is not being read by you now.

·           A letter was not written by her yesterday.

·           A present will not be given to you by him tomorrow.

·           TV has not been watched by them for one hour yet.

·           English has not been being studied by us since two hours ago yet.

When is it OK to use the passive?

Sometimes the passive voice is the best choice. Here are a few instances when the passive voice is quite useful :

1.             To emphasize an object.Take a look at this example:

100 votes are required to pass the bill.

This passive sentence emphasizes the number of votes required. An active version of the sentence (“The bill requires 100 votes to pass”) would put the emphasis on the bill, which may be less dramatic.

2.             To de-emphasize an unknown subject/actor. Consider this example:

Over 120 different contaminants have been dumped into the river.

If you don’t know who the actor is—in this case, if you don’t actually know who dumped all of those contaminants in the river—then you may need to write in the passive. But remember, if you do know the actor, and if the clarity and meaning of your writing would benefit from indicating him/her/it/them, then use an active construction. Yet consider the third case.

3.             If your readers don’t need to know who’s responsible for the action.

Here’s where your choice can be difficult; some instances are less clear than others. Try to put yourself in your reader’s position to anticipate how he/she will react to the way you have phrased your thoughts. Here are two examples:

Baby Sophia was delivered at 3:30 a.m. yesterday.(passive)

and

Dr. Susan Jones delivered baby Sophia at 3:30 a.m. yesterday.(active)

The first sentence might be more appropriate in a birth announcement sent to family and friends—they are not likely to know Dr. Jones and are much more interested in the “object”(the baby) than in the actor (the doctor). A hospital report of yesterday’s events might be more likely to focus on Dr. Jones’ role.

Reference :

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-voice_passive.htm

Bramadi, N.S. Kursus Singkat Bahasa Inggris. Jakarta: PT Buana Ilmu Populer, 2011.

Horis Ho, H.F. A COMPREHENSIVE ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Jakarta: DAP, 2014.


NAMA            : WIJI LESTARI 
KELAS           : 4EA19 
NPM              : 18210504 
Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2